What topographic feature primarily defines much of Michigan’s landscape?

The primary topographic feature that defines much of Michigan's landscape is glacial landforms. During the last Ice Age, significant portions of the state were covered by massive glaciers, which shaped the terrain through processes such as erosion and deposition. As the glaciers advanced and then retreated, they carved out valleys, created lakes, and left behind various landforms including moraines, drumlins, and kettles.

These glacial features play a critical role in determining not only the physical landscape but also the ecology and hydrology of Michigan. The state's numerous lakes, including the Great Lakes, are largely a result of glacial activity. The flat plains, rolling hills, and rich soils found in many areas of Michigan are also products of this glacial influence. Understanding the impact of glaciation is essential for grasping Michigan's geological history and current landscape characteristics.